Axial Stress
Category:
Strength of Materials & Mechanics
Formula
σ = F / A
where:
σ — axial stress
F — axial force
A — cross-sectional area
Input parameters
Result
—
Example
Practical Example:
A steel tie rod is used to support a small industrial platform.
The platform exerts an axial tensile force of 50 kN on the rod.
The rod’s circular cross-section has a diameter of 16 mm.
Step 1: Compute the cross-sectional area
A = π · d² / 4 = 3.1416 × (16 mm)² / 4 = 201 mm²
Step 2: Convert units
F = 50 kN = 50,000 N
A = 201 mm² = 201 × 10⁻⁶ m² = 0.000201 m²
Step 3: Calculate axial stress
σ = F / A = 50,000 N / 0.000201 m² = 248,756,218 Pa
Final result: σ ≈ 249 MPa
FAQ
What is axial stress?
Axial stress is the normal stress generated when a structural member is loaded along its longitudinal axis.
It represents the internal resistance of the material and is defined as σ = F / A.
It represents the internal resistance of the material and is defined as σ = F / A.
Where is axial stress commonly encountered?
Axial stress occurs in tie rods, bolts, columns, hangers, crane members, support rods,
and machine components subjected to pure tension or compression.
and machine components subjected to pure tension or compression.
What are acceptable values of axial stress?
Allowable stress depends on material strength and standards.
For example, structural steel (S355) typically allows 200–250 MPa under service loads,
but designs must always follow applicable engineering codes.
For example, structural steel (S355) typically allows 200–250 MPa under service loads,
but designs must always follow applicable engineering codes.
Disclaimer: These are simplified engineering estimates. Always verify results with applicable standards and qualified engineers.
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